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The monography is written on motives of lectures course «Conceptions of modern natural sciences» for humanitarian specialities of high schools. Are mentioned, basically, the problem interdisciplinary questions arising at narrow specialists at studying of complex systems. On the basis of the integration approach (a principle of sonnets wreath, from here a subtitle) the author has tried to show communication and interference of various nature sciences against each other and on a society as a whole. The book is designed for the scientists interested by interdisciplinary problems and may be used by students of humanitarian faculties as the manual. |
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| TO THE INQUISITIVE READER ADVICE I. DO NOT OPPOSE NATURAL AND HUMANITARIAN CULTURES ARE THE SIDES OF ONE MEDAL Culture Medal of sciences Four attribute of a science Place of religion, philosophy and mathematics in space of culture Differentiation of knowledge Barriers of special languages Physicists - lyricists Lyricists - physicists Ethics of the scientist The third information revolution Tyutchev speaks about a nature Reliability of sources of the information Sense of higher education Whether money a measure of vital success are? ADVICE II. USE A SCIENTIFIC METHOD Definition of natural sciences Do not confuse Francis Bacon to bacon The science and scientific research is two big differences Making a scientific method, laws and principles Scientific method on D.I. Mendeleyev. Experiment in economy About mathematics Two stages of a scientific method The system approach Emergent Salieri phenomenon Methodological principles of a science. Paradigm and scientific method on G. Selye The science is not a trade, it is a way of life Stimulus in a science and ways of their achievement (V. Dalja's dictionary, a fulgurite find) Scientific knowledge it is one of forms of authority ADVICE III. PERCEIVE A HISTORY OF NATURAL SCIENCES AS A DRAMA OF CHANGE OF PARADIGMS The basic stages of development of natural sciences Principles and laws Change of a paradigm is a drama in a history of a science Examples of interference of sciences The status of the Nobel Prize The Russian Nobel winners representatives of natural sciences The Russian Nobel winners representatives of the humanities Science myths About the «Scientist» D. Bruno The phenomenon of a radioactivity has opened by Abel Niepce Check a printed word or the crafty citation Connection of times Russian science structure Russian scientific degrees and ranks ADVICE IV. THE UNIVERSE CHIEFS AND SUBORDINATES Objective knowledge of the world Structural levels of the matter organization A preon, a quark Elementary particle Atom of a chemical element Molecule Microscopic bodies Macroscopic bodies Space bodies Stars, planetary systems Galaxies Galaxies clouds and groups The Universe Limits of knowledge of natural sciences on a boundary XX and XXI centuries ADVICE V. PHYSICS STUDY A BODY - THE TRUTH IN A MICROCOSM IT FROM SCIENTISTS ESCAPES To begin as always it is difficult, but it is necessary Do not substitute physics ecology Differentiation in physics In total to not grasp - we shall choose power aspect Fundamental interactions Corpuscle-wave dualism Examples of transition of substance in a field Scale of electromagnetic waves Dynamic and statistical regularities in a nature Principles of a relativity, symmetry, superposition, complimentarily The order, the determined chaos and chaos Space, time Modern achievements (Physics Nobel Prizes with 1986) and prospects Whether there is an end at physics? ADVICE VI. CHEMISTS ARE INTERESTED WITH SUBSTANCE - THE TRUTH COMPLEXITY OF OBJECT FREQUENTLY LEADS THEM UP A BLIND ALLEY The chemistry is a subject of employment of chemists T.R. Malthus and a problem of the connected nitrogen Chemistry in pharmaceutics Continuation of experience of scientific genealogy (sources of chemistry) Differentiation in chemistry D.I. Mendeleyev Periodic system of elements Properties of chemical compounds Not destroying methods of researches Something from thermodynamics Chemical sensor controls Fullerenes Situation with chemistry in Khabarovsk territory Modern achievements (Chemistry Nobel Prizes with 1986) and prospects Whether there is an end at chemistry? ADVICE VII. SCIENTIFIC STUDYING MATERIALS PREFER MATERIAL VALUES: FOR EXAMPLE, PATENTS AND CONNECTED TO THEM PLEASURES Classification in a science about materials. Terms. Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages. What is farther? The science about materials is an interdisciplinary science Nonequilibrium materials Inorganic nanomaterials Superconductivity The mathematics is language of a science, but possible to speak and gestures Relaxation or adaptation? A way to balance. The nonequilibrium condensed systems Examples relaxation systems «Relaxation» principle of control of nonequilibrium system properties General scientific value relaxation principle Mistake of terrestrial technology: metals or oxides Basalt fibers it is a material of XXI century. Back in the Stone Age! APPENDICES INFORMATION ON THE AUTHOR REFERENCES |
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